IMPACT OF FEEDBACK ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION Essay

IMPACT OF FEEDBACK ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION - Essay Example However, if pay raises are related directly to performance, an employee who receives a healthy pay increase will more than likely also experience feelings of accomplishment and satisfaction. On the other hand, feedback is the information people receive about their performance. It conveys an evaluation about the quality of their performance behaviors. Giving feedback could be done by providing information to employees regarding their performance on job expectations. This makes feedback is an important part of the education process. For instance, in the school environment, test grades let students know what they have achieved and what they must learn to do better next time. People at work give feedback to reinforce others' good behavior and correct their poor behavior. The recipient of feedback judges its value and determines whether to accept and act on the feedback, reject it, or ignore it. Feedback has different purposes at different career stages. It helps newcomers learn the ropes, mid-career employees to improve performance and consider opportunities for development, and late career employees to maintain their productivity. Managers are an important source of feedba ck because they establish performance objectives and provide rewards for attaining those objectives. Other sources of feedback are co-workers, subordinates, and customers (London, 2003, p. 11). The impact of feedback on job satisfaction could be derived in the fact that it is linked to the psychological reception of an employee. Cullen and Sackett (2003) cited Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model that has identified the five core task dimensions-task identity, task variety, autonomy, task significance, and feedback-are seen in a number of psychological states, such as job satisfaction and subsequent organizational events (like absence and turnover). Research has indeed established that these attributes are useful predictors of job satisfaction (Cullen & Sackett, 2003, p. 169). The problem with feedback is that, generally, people tend to perceive and recall positive feedback more accurately than they do negative feedback. However, as opposed to what many people think, a feedback with a negative sign (e.g., being told your performance is below average) can have a positive motivational impact. In fact, when employees are told they were below average on a creativity test, they subsequently drove to outperform those who were led to believe their results were above average. This is why negative feedbacks can serve as a challenge and could motivate employees to pursue higher goals. Those receiving positive feedback apparently were less motivated to do better. Nonetheless, feedback with a negative sign or threatening content needs to be administered carefully to avoid creating insecurity and defensiveness. Self-efficacy also can be damaged by negative feedback, as discovered in a pair of experiments with business students. With this, Louie (1999) concluded that "t o facilitate the development of strong efficacy beliefs, managers should be careful about the provision of negative feedback. Destructive criticism by managers which attributes the cause of poor performance to internal factors reduces both the beliefs of self-efficacy and the self-set goals of recipients." The traditional top-down feedback programs have now been replaced by two newer approaches, the upward

Foreign Oil. America Must Remove Its Dependence on Foreign Oil In Essay

Foreign Oil. America Must Remove Its Dependence on Foreign Oil In Order To Preserve Its Future - Essay Example America must remove its dependence on Foreign Oil in order to preserve its future. However sometimes it appears like every effort to solve the issue leads to more problems. This is because alternative sources of energy proof to be too expensive and not cost effective. Everyone in America including average person should have a potential to make a contribution to the solution. The average person in America in trying to solve the oil dependency problem starts through education in schools and university. Students can be taught on the impacts of foreign oil dependency on the countries economy. University lecturers can also engage in research that can b help in coming up with cheaper sources of energy and incorporate students in such research according to Greenberg (2007). The community needs to be sensitized on the dangers of oil dependency in their homes and be encouraged to use other alternatives which are cost effective. The average persons such as experts in matters of energy can educ ate the community through meetings on how to use solar or wind as sources of energy. These experts also need to write books, magazines and other form s of literature on the disadvantages of using foreign oil as the only source of energy. Companies need to generate news stories demonstrating to the ordinary people on how to install renewable energy sources in their homes. Local groups need to come together and sensitize people on the issue of global economy resulting from dependency on foreign oil. Local groups should mobilize public opinion against national policies and commitments which favor the use of foreign oil The average person can also contribute the problem by encouraging reduction on the use of oil as source of energy. Individuals should reduce oil consumption at homes by increasing the use of solar energy and wind energy. For instance solar energy can be used as source of power for television, radio and lighting. At the places of work the use of oil as source of energy ca n also be reduced by the increased use of solar energy which is readily available during the day. There is also the need for everyone engaged in the transport industry to recognize the dangers of using oil as the sole source of energy. Vehicle owners can engage in oil use reduction techniques such as reducing the use of personal cars and embark on public transport as suggested by Chiras (2010). This way, the rate of oil consumption in America is bound to decrease. Researchers should also find an alternative source of energy for vehicle. For instance, David Blume who is an organic farmer provided a proof of ethanol alcohol being a reliable and renewable source of fuel in vehicles which reduces the dependency on oil. There is a need for individuals to engage in alternative energy sources which take over the dependence of oil as source of energy. The use of solar energy as an alternative source will help remove the burden of foreign oil. In order to develop this, it requires the govern ment to rationalize tax thus providing a commercial feasibility. Though the cost of developing and implementing alternative energy sources like the solar energy may be high, it is the initiative of everyone to find the best way to apply this method. The average person such experts in matters of energy can generate information that demonstrates the way people can install solar technologies and advantage of net metering programs in workplace. Those familiar with the market transformation to renewable energies like thorium nuclear energy need to educate others on the importance of using them. According to Congress (U.S.) (2010), the ordinary peop