Socrates Apology Analysis - 1149 Words

In her analysis of Socrates’s frame of work, Roslyn Weiss defends Socrates to seeker of knowledge. Weiss argues that Socrates should be viewed as a skeptical inquirer because of his pursuit to what is x? As Weiss puts it, Socrates is aware of his own ignorance and knows that one cannot know what things are by simply using definitions. She emphasized for one to a teacher, one must be an expert. From this point of view, it can be inferred that to teach someone you must have all the background and current information on that subject. As humans, we can only recognize to the extent to which we know something and when we do not know (Weiss, p.251). The one true being that is knowledgeable about all things is the gods. For instance, in the†¦show more content†¦By testing others, Socrates views are confirmed (Wiess, p.248). As a result, Socrates does not try to persuade others to adopt a specific set of commitment because he himself does hold commitment to his arguments (Wiess, p.246). He rather uses the opportunity to suggest alternative to his interlocutor’s answer. The other view argues that Socrates is a preacher, one who attempts to persuade others to adopt a specific set of commitments. To take this side of the argument, we must reject Weiss’s interpretation that Socrates is a seeker. One evident from the Euthyphro that supports this view is 10d-10e. In this passage, Socrates is listening to Euthyphro’s explanation of how the gods determine their love for pious things. Euthyphro makes the case that the gods detect pious things and they love them. On the other hand. Socrates does not seem to agree with Euthyphro’s claim. He believes that the gods love what they love and in terms of piety the gods love something that is just pious. Therefore god-loved and pious are two different things which Socrates explained in detail of why the two are different. From this interaction, Socrates introduces his own definition. He defines Piety as a part of justice concerned with service to the gods. This interaction demonstrates Socrates as a preacher because he is trying convincing Euthyphro that his definitions of a piety lack precision because theyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Socrates’ Passage in Apology Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophy as we have known today, it is a cruel irony that at 70 years old, Socrates was convicted to death for allegedly corrupting the youth’s minds. He was also convicted for not believing in the gods of the state and for speaking with contempt to the high ranking officials of his time (Ober â€Å"Gadfly on Trial† 2). The accounts of his trials were written by his avid and equally popular student Plato in Apology (Colaiaco 17). In Apology, he quoted: For if you kill me you will not easily find another likeRead MoreThe Apology Of Socrates And Hebrew Bible Analysis1676 Words   |  7 PagesIn the Apology of Socrates and Hebrew Bible, there are different structures of authority – the way the system works; people live their lives, or how they view their world. The Greek gods and the Hebrew God shape these people’s views and give them a sense of authority. The structures of authority evidently show in the Apology of Socrates while Socrates defends himself in court, and in the books of the Bible when the Jews follow God and how they judge others. Although the Athenians’ and Jews’ livesRead MoreAnalysis of Socrates in Aristhphane ´s Clouds and Plato ´s Apology1081 Words   |  5 Pages Socrates was a pompous man who believed that he was wiser than most, if not all, Athenian men of his time. He is also credited as one of the fathers of western philosophy, his own philosophy revolving around the welfar e of one’s soul and reflecting on what the good life was. He was told by an oracle that he was the wisest of men and spent a great deal of time trying to prove it false, he decided that he was considered wise for accepting that he knew nothing, and never claimed to know anything thatRead MoreAnalysis of Socrates Defense in The Apology and Search for the Truth about Piety in Euthyphro1589 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates Defense in the Apology and Search for the Truth about Piety in Euthyphro In Platos Dialogues, there is the singly ignorant person, the individual who is ignorant of some information or truth but who knows that he is ignorant, and the doubly ignorant person, the individual who is ignorant of his own ignorance. Socrates, in the Apology, maintains that he is singly ignorant when he states that the only thing he is that he knows nothing. The singly ignorant person is in a far better positionRead MoreThe Reconciliation Of Two Positions1696 Words   |  7 Pagesmost prominent individuals in history, Socrates not only helped to set up the foundations for Western philosophy, but the legacy he left behind is something that is still being discussed today by historians and philosophers alike. Socrates is renowned for standing up for his beliefs even in the midst of death as portrayed in Plato’s account of Socrates’ defense speech, Apology, in which he gave during his 339 B.C. trial. It is in this eminent speech that Socrates is able show the dedicatio n he has forRead MoreAnalysis Of Platos Apology On The Man Of Save The Day, But Not Himself1285 Words   |  6 Pagesnot Himself An Analysis of Plato’s Apology Socrates, painted as a humble man who never had any of his own writings, and often speculated to be illiterate, is considered one of the major partisans of Western philosophy. Western philosophy is the philosophical thought of the western world. This idea proves to be quite accurate when considering Plato’s Apology, the apology of Socrates which is not really considered an apology but a defense. In the ancient Greek era, the word apology meant to defendRead MoreThe Presentation of Socrates Arguements in Plato’s Apology and Crito792 Words   |  4 PagesIn both Plato’s Apology and Crito, Plato presents Socrates arguments clearly and precisely. Socrates is wise man with a different perspective on life, which presents us with a mass of contradictions. Socrates is an expressive man, yet he never recorded any works. He is ignorant, but wrongfully convicted who is willing to fight his unjust execution. Behind these dilemmas is an opposition not often explored. Socrate s is the most patriotic of philosophers, who is dedicated to his state. Exploring thisRead MoreWhat Are The Charges Against Socrates?1019 Words   |  5 Pages2015 What are the charges against Socrates as recorded in the Apology. Is he guilty of them? Why or why not? The Apology is assumed to be the most realistic account that has been conserved of Socrates defense of himself as it was presented before the Athenian Council. It is in essential agreement with the references to the trial that occur in Plato s other dialogs. We may determine that Apology is not written by Socrates and only contains the words of Socrates that were memorized by Plato, sinceRead MoreSocrates and Civil Obecience or Disobedience1538 Words   |  7 PagesEssay: A Discussion on whether or not I believe that Socrates’ views in the Crito contradict his views expressed in the Apology. My position: I am in disagreement with this statement and my analysis, based on contextual evidence, is as follows: Although I could argue the question posited above from either position, as many have done before and, as many will continue to do after me, I do not believe that Socrates waivers in his beliefs between the two accounts according to Plato. Read MoreApology of Socrates Summart924 Words   |  4 PagesSummary Platos The Apology is an account of the speech Socrates makes at the trial in which he is charged with not recognizing the gods recognized by the state, inventing new deities, and corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates speech, however, is by no means an apology in our modern understanding of the word. The name of the dialogue derives from the Greek apologia, which translates as a defense, or a speech made in defense. Thus, in The Apology, Socrates attempts to defend himself and

While St. Augustine’s autobiography is not comparable to...

While St. Augustine’s autobiography is not comparable to the poetic dream vision of Inferno, the theological background of the two works is nearly identical. Dante the character of Inferno, like Augustine in Confessions, is a homo viator, a spiritual wanderer on earth; Dante the poet believes that the soul’s sinful state leads to retribution in Hell. The significance of both works benefit in understanding the journeys of man in his quest for a more spiritual association, the faults Dante and Augustine encountered and the precise path to be chosen between depths of misapprehension. The perspectives of these works are communicated the way they are anticipated. In Saint Augustine’s Confessions, his story of transformation is written in the†¦show more content†¦Augustine was an opportunist, who didn’t know his place on earth or which religion to choose. He wasn’t for God and nor was he for Satan, but only for himself. Augustine believes that pe ople can be blind to their reliance on God. â€Å"By the time of Augustine’s birth, Christianity had established itself as the official religion of the Roman Empire† (Davis, et al. 64). This did not necessarily mean, however, that a young man of promising abilities would become a Christian. He was blinded by God’s truth and later became baptized. Augustine also would’ve been placed in the second circle of Hell, lust. He was overcome at a young age with sexual desire and pleasures. Augustine would’ve disagreed with Dante’s Inferno because Augustine accepted he was lost in the world. Augustine could not believe in Catholicism, because he visualizes God and Satan as physical bodies. Augustine wouldn’t agree that someone who does not share a belief in God should be sent to Hell. It took Augustine until his old age to find his way into Christianity. Augustine learns later on his life that sins are a result of corruption of the human will. Augustine also understands that if you believe in God there is no evil. In Catholic terms, his work is a confession by nature of its threefold emphasis on admission of sin, declaration of faith, and praise of God. Therefore, Augustine would’ve questioned Dante’s work for promptingShow MoreRelatedDante s Inferno, By Dante925 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the story Dante’s Inferno, Dante takes a trip through hell to reach what he calls paradise. During Dante’s journey to hell he goes through the nine circles called: limbo, lust, gluttony, greed, anger, heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. With each of the circles in hell, there is a punishment that resembles each of sins committed. Based on the reactions that the pilgrims give through textual conversations between Virgil and Dante. It can be concluded that the pilgrim has acquiredRead MoreDante s Inferno, By Dante899 Words   |  4 PagesIn Dante’s Inferno, one chapter of three in Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy, the main protagonist of the poem, Dante frequently uses romance and love as one of the main themes to express his message and vision of Hell he portraits in the story. Dante’s Inferno is an epic poem about a recounting of Dante and his incredible journey through Hell and its many levels while he is being guided by Virgil. In the story, Hell is shown to have nine levels of suffering depending on what kinds of sin you committedRead MoreDante s Inferno, By Dante The Pilgrim1345 Words   |  6 PagesDante, Inferno Throughout the epic poem Inferno, Dante the Pilgrim travels in the different circles of Hell told by Dante the Poet. The story examines what a righteous life is by showing us examples of sinful lives. Dante is accompanied by his guide Virgil, who takes him on a journey to examine sin and the effects it has in has in the afterlife to different sinners. Through the stories of Francesca and Paolo, Brunetto Latini, Ulysses and Guido da Montefeltro, we are able to understand that peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of Dante s Inferno, By Dante1219 Words   |  5 PagesMerriam-Webster dictionary, narrow is defined as â€Å"limited in extent, amount, or scope; restricted.† In Dante s Inferno, Virgil becomes Dante’s role model and leads Dante through the circles of Hell. Specifically, Virgil shows him what each circle was about. As Dante is going through the circles of Hell, it becomes prominent that the crimes and punishments get worse the deeper Dante goes. When Dante walks deeper into each circle of Hell, the rings become narrower, making it more formidable to escapeRead MoreDantes3100 Words   |  13 PagesInferno, justice is not a merely cruel and unusual punishment designed to elicit cheap shock from onlookers. Inferno portrays God’s justice as springing from primal love, and thus is conditioned with compassion, however difficult it may be to recognize. Dante ensures the concept of contrapassor, which translates literally as counter-penalty. Here, sinners are punished according to the nature of their sin, so that their punishment fits their crime. Some sinners literally become the embodiment of theirRead MoreThe Divine Comedy Dante By Dante Alighieri1101 Words   |  5 Pagestry our best or we give up and follow other paths. Dante Alighieri, born in Florence, Italy in 1265, was born into a very power hungry age. Morality was not very high on someone’s to-do list. In the Divine Comedy Dante makes a point of writing about those that have done hi m wrong and placing them where the â€Å"belong†. But Dante does not only expose the bad people in his life but the bad people all over the world and he also includes himself. Dante writes his book to scare others into changing to beRead MoreDantes Inferno.1698 Words   |  7 Pagespaper in a never-ending wind storm. Welcome to Dante s Inferno, his perspective on the appropriate punishments for those who are destined to hell for all eternity. Dante attempts to make the punishments fit the crimes, but because it is Dante dealing out the tortures and not God, the punishments will never be perfect because by nature, man is an imperfect creature. Only God is capable of being above reproach and of metering out a just punishment. While Dante s treatment towards the tyrants is fittingRead MoreOdysseus and Dante1517 Words   |  7 Pagestrue love. Both Dante and Odysseus have a woman who waits for them and in their travels must search themselves and make the right choices to get ba ck to them. Odysseus longs to be with his wife Penelope and Dante to be with the woman he wants to marry Beatrice. Both men are very much love the woman in their lives, go to their own hell and back and can think of nothing other than finding their way back to them. Beatrice even after death has a spirit that is very much in love with Dante. She has faithRead More Dantes Inferno Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesInferno greatly varies from Platos quot;Allegory of the Cavequot; in purpose, symbolism, characters and mentors, and in attitude toward the world. An analysis of each of these elements in both allegories will provide an interesting comparison. Dante uses allegory to relate the sinners punishment to his sin, while Plato uses allegory to discuss ignorance and knowledge. Dantes Inferno describes the descent through Hell from the upper level of the opportunists to the most evil, the treacherousRead MoreThe Inferno, By Dante2284 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Inferno, Dante has often presented characters in a way that reflects his own personality: there is the amorous and suicidal Dido for whom he shows sympathy and gives a lesser punishment, while there is the suicidal Pier delle Vigne to whom he gives a much harsher punishment. This difference in placement should reflect a strict moral code that agrees with a pre-established divine order, and yet Dante demonstrates such obvious favoritism. Why? Dido loved Aeneas too much, as Dante loved Beatrice

Meta-analysis Free Essays

Meta-analysis was designed as a method of reducing the threats to validity that often arise as a result of small sample sizes. When sample sizes used for a particular experiment are too small, it becomes possible for errors to enter the data and cause it to become skewed or biased. Meta-analysis involves the survey and investigation of data from a number of related studies. We will write a custom essay sample on Meta-analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such analysis is usually advantageous in its ability to produce more accurate data. One of the problems that arise when conducting a review of studies comes from the methods chosen to analyze data. The usual methods of integrating research that has been previously done often prove unable to cope with the growing amounts of research with which some researchers have to deal. Meta-analysis helps eliminate this problem. It also delves into the quality of the research being evaluated, in order to reduce the problem of citing research without proper examination of the conclusions and the methods used to reach these. It also prescribes methods for researchers to weigh adequately all the evidence whether it is for or against their own preconceived ideas or preferences, thereby reducing the bias of research. Problems with internal validity arise as a result of such practices as non-randomization, small sample size, discontinuation of the studies by participants (drop-out), the occurrence of significant historical events during a study, lack of control groups, and the problem of extreme results versus the regression effect toward the mean (Losh, 2002). In order to improve the internal validity of research, meta-analysis covers a wide array of studies that serve to combat each of these problems in the following ways. Because meta-analysis deals with a large number of individual studies, problems regarding small sample size can be diminished as the number of participants within the study now becomes the aggregate of all those who participated in the individual studies. As a result, meta-analyses â€Å"have more power to detect small but clinically significant effects† (Davies Crombie, n.d.). Biases in the data that arise from non-randomization and problems with lack of control groups can also be diminished because of the practices of meta-analysis experts in choosing carefully which studies to include in their research. When conducting this type of research, it becomes crucial to choose primary research that is â€Å"a complete, unbiased collection of original, high-quality studies that examine the same [†¦] question† (Davies Crombie, n.d.). Researchers who adhere to this practice scrutinize the methodologies of the different studies and remove those that contain major control and randomization flaws. The large number of studies used in meta-analysis also combats the problems or biases that may arise from such phenomena as regression toward the mean. When studies are done (or tests taken) it is often the case that a small percentage of participants score exceptionally high or low. It is often the case, too, that when/if retakes of these studies are done, these same exceptional scorers either increase or decrease their scores, taking them closer to the mean. With a large body of studies taken in meta-analysis, the effects of these exceptions and regressions can evened out, so that the study gives a more accurate and statistically valid picture of the problem/issue being examined. As external validity is related to the ability to generalize results across populations, though similar studies must be chosen for meta-analyses, the researcher may be careful to include ones that contain a wide variety of subject types. This will reduce the effects of population sensitization (familiarity with the processes of the test) as well as the likelihood of certain subject types to be (artificially) more inclined to one outcome or another based on the demographic of that particular group. The more inclusive the criteria for the participants, the more widely generalizable will the meta-analytic study become (Davies Crombie, n.d.). References Davies, H.T.O. I. K. Crombie. (n.d.). â€Å"What is meta-analysis?† Evidence-based Medicine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Howard Medical Communications. 1(8). Losh, S. C. (2002). â€Å"Quasi-experiments, internal validity, and experiments II.† Methods of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Educational Research.   Florida State University. Retrieved on January 29, 2007 from http://edf5481-01.fa02.fsu.edu/Guide4.html    How to cite Meta-analysis, Essay examples